SupTech and XBRL glossary

An approach in which AI agents carry out defined supervisory tasks, such as triaging submissions, testing evidence against expectations and drafting information requests, under the direction of human supervisors who make the decisions.

Supervision of how firms prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism, including their risk assessments, customer due diligence and reporting.

Supervision focused on how firms treat customers and behave in markets.

A way of defining regulatory reporting requirements as individual, dimensionally described data points rather than as fixed template cells. Used in European supervisory reporting frameworks.

A rule that always produces the same result for the same input. In supervision, deterministic rules make the calls that must be repeatable and explainable.

Non-financial sectors covered by anti-money laundering standards, such as lawyers, accountants, real estate agents and dealers in precious metals and stones.

Systems that track supervisory and enforcement cases from opening to outcome, keeping evidence, decisions, deadlines and sign-off together with an audit trail.

The EU format in which listed companies publish annual financial reports, as XHTML documents with Inline XBRL tags for their IFRS financial statements.

The record that links a supervisory finding to the data points, rules and steps that produced it, so the finding can be explained and reproduced.

A peer review of a country’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing framework and how effectively it works, carried out by the FATF or a FATF-style regional body.

Collecting underlying, transaction- or instrument-level data instead of aggregated templates, so supervisors can derive the views they need.

XBRL tags embedded inside a human-readable HTML document, so one file can be read by people and processed by machines.

A test of whether reported values make sense, for example against a firm’s own history or its peers, rather than whether they are merely well formed.

Supervision focused on the safety and soundness of financial firms, including their capital, liquidity, solvency and risk management.

Technology used by regulated firms to meet their regulatory obligations, such as regulatory reporting, compliance monitoring and financial crime controls. RegTech is the firm side; SupTech is the supervisor side.

A periodic report a regulated firm must submit to its supervisor, for example on capital, liquidity, solvency or financial crime controls.

A capital regime in which the capital an insurer or bank must hold reflects the risks it takes, typically calculated through a prescribed model and reported in a regulatory return.

An approach that directs supervisory attention and resources to the firms and activities that pose the greatest risk.

An international standard for exchanging statistical data and metadata, widely used by central banks and international organisations.

Regulatory reporting in which data flows from a firm’s systems to the supervisor without manual re-keying, and is validated automatically on the way.

The path supervisory data takes: collection from firms, validation, analysis, and action through supervision or enforcement.

The use of technology, particularly data and AI, by financial supervisors to collect, check, analyse and act on information about the firms and markets they oversee.

The dictionary behind a reporting framework: the concepts that can be reported, their definitions and relationships, and the validation rules filings must pass.

A check a filing must pass, for example that totals equal the sum of their components or that required fields are present.

An open, international standard for digital business reporting. Each reported fact is tagged against a taxonomy so it can be read, validated and compared by machines.

Formats that express XBRL data as CSV or JSON. They suit large or highly structured datasets better than traditional XML-based XBRL.